Respiratory Failure Nursing Case Study

The most common mechanisms of renal failure in this setting are renal hypoperfusion and the use of nephrotoxic drugs (including radiographic contrast material).

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Neurologic manifestations include restlessness, anxiety, confusion, seizures, or coma.Regular assessment should be performed by periodic radiographic chest monitoring.Pulmonary fibrosis may follow acute lung injury associated with ARDS.Ata Murat Kaynar, MD Associate Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Ata Murat Kaynar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Chest Physicians, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital, Canada Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, World Medical Association Disclosure: Nothing to disclose. Cory Franklin, MD Professor, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; Director, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cook County Hospital Cory Franklin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: New York Academy of Sciences and Society of Critical Care Medicine Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.Cardiogenic pulmonary edema usually develops in the context of a history of left ventricular dysfunction or valvular heart disease.A history of previous cardiac disease, recent symptoms of chest pain, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and orthopnea suggest cardiogenic pulmonary edema.If chronic, this is accompanied by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the affected smooth muscles and narrowing of the pulmonary arterial bed.The increased pulmonary vascular resistance increases afterload of the right ventricle, which may induce right ventricular failure.Cyanosis, a bluish color of skin and mucous membranes, indicates hypoxemia.Visible cyanosis typically is present when the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillaries or tissues is at least 5 g/d L.